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Pigments, Binders, Varnishes, and Artists’ Materials

XRF: Mapping Pigments to Understand Alterations in Paintings

XRF: Mapping Pigments to Understand Alterations in Paintings — XRF: Mapping Pigments to Understand Alterations in Paintings© Sandra M. Samolik. Protected content, downloading, copying, or redistribution without permission is prohibited. Click or tap the figure to enlarge.

Understanding why paintings change over time is essential for their long-term preservation. Modern analytical techniques allow conservators and researchers to investigate pigment alteration at multiple scales, revealing elemental composition, chemical transformations, and degradation processes without compromising the artwork.

© 2026 Sandra M. Samolik. All rights reserved. Text and figures on this page may not be copied, downloaded, or redistributed without prior written permission.